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- ******************************
- * Adenylate kinase signature *
- ******************************
-
- Adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) (AK) [1] is a small monomeric enzyme that
- catalyzes the reversible transfer of MgATP to AMP (MgATP + AMP = MgADP + ADP).
- In mammals there are three different isozymes:
-
- - AK1 (or myokinase), which is cytosolic.
- - AK2, which is located in the outer compartment of mitochondria.
- - AK3 (or GTP:AMP phosphotransferase), which is located in the mitochondrial
- matrix and which uses MgGTP instead of MgATP.
-
- The sequence of AK has also been obtained from different bacterial species
- and from yeast.
-
- Two other enzymes have been found to be evolutionary related to AK. These are:
-
- - Yeast uridylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.-) (UK) (gene URA6) [2] which catalyzes
- the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to UMP to form UDP and ADP.
- - Slime mold UMP-CMP kinase (EC 2.7.4.14) [3] which catalyzes the transfer of
- a phosphate group from ATP to either CMP or UMP to form CDP or UDP and ADP.
-
- Several regions of AK family enzymes are well conserved, including the ATP-
- binding domains. We have selected the most conserved of all regions as a
- signature for this type of enzyme. This region includes an aspartic acid
- residue that is part of the catalytic cleft of the enzyme and that is
- involved in a salt bridge. It also includes an arginine residue whose
- modification leads to inactivation of the enzyme.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVMFYW](3)-D-G-[FY]-P-R-x(3)-[NQ]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for Schistosoma mansoni (blood fluke) AK.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: October 1993 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Schulz G.E.
- Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 52:429-439(1987).
- [ 2] Liljelund P., Sanni A., Friesen J.D., Lacroute F.
- Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165:464-473(1989).
- [ 3] Wiesmueller L., Noegel A.A., Barzu O., Gerisch G., Schleicher M.
- J. Biol. Chem. 265:6339-6345(1990).
-